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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of sequential plate internal fixation in the correction of Madelung deformity after ulnar osteotomy and shortening.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 13 patients with Madelung deformity admitted between September 2015 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 males and 8 females with an average age of 18.3 years ranging from 17 to 23 years. The disease duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of 17 months. Three cases had a clear history of trauma. All patients had external radial deviation deformity and limited movement of the ulnar deviation, and the ulnar impact pain was significant during ulnar deviation movement; 9 patients had limited wrist joint supination movement, and the supination movement was normal. In the first stage, ulnar osteotomy and shortening combined with external fixator were used to correct wrist deformity in 13 patients. After operation, bone transfer was performed 6 times per day, with adjustments made every 4 hours, which was 1 mm per day. After the osteotomy was in place, the ulnar plate internal fixation was performed to reconstruct the ulnar stability in the second stage. The Cooney wrist joint score was used to assess the pain, function, range of motion, flexion and extension range of motion, and grip strength of the wrist joint before operation and before the removal of internal fixator. The subjective feeling and appearance satisfaction of patients were recorded.@*RESULTS@#After the second-stage operation, all the 13 patients were followed up 10-22 months, with an average of 15 months. The deformity of wrist joint disappeared after operation, and the flexion, extension, and ulnar deviation were basically normal. There was no complication such as ulnar impingement sign, nonunion or infection. Wrist function, pain, and range of motion were significantly improved after operation, except for 1 patient who had no significant improvement in rotation and pain. The ulnar internal fixator was removed at 10-18 months after the second-stage operation. The scores of pain, function, range of motion, flexion and extension range of motion, and grip strength in the Cooney wrist score before removal of internal fixator significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). Subjective and appearance satisfaction of patients were excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case.@*CONCLUSION@#Ulnar osteotomy and shortening with sequential plate internal fixation for correction of Madelung deformity, with mild postoperative pain, can effectively avoid bone nonunion, improve wrist joint function, and have significant effectiveness.
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Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Retrospective Studies , Ulna/surgery , Osteochondrodysplasias , Radius Fractures/surgery , Wrist Joint/surgery , Osteotomy , Range of Motion, Articular , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in HIV， syphilis and hepatitis C prevalence among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Taizhou City， Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022， and the utilization of HIV intervention services and its influencing factors. MethodsMSM participants were recruited from HIV sentinel surveillance in Taizhou through snowball sampling method. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics， sexual behavior characteristics， knowledge of HIV and utilization of HIV intervention services were collected and statistically described by questionnaire survey. Blood samples from MSM sentinel population were also collected for HIV， syphilis， and HCV antibody testing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for utilizing HIV intervention services among MSM. ResultsA total of 2 499 MSM were included in the analysis from 2017 to 2022， with HIV prevalence of 5.8%， syphilis prevalence of 4.0%， and HCV prevalence of 0.6%. The infection rate， proportion of homosexual anal sex and heterosexual sex showed a decreasing trend， while the proportion of condom use during homosexual anal sex， condom publicity and distribution， AIDS consultation and testing， acceptance of peer education， and online temporary homosexual sex showed an increasing trend. All these differences were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that COVID-19 epidemic （aOR=1.66， 95%CI：1.04‒2.64） and HIV knowledge awareness （aOR=2.57， 95%CI：1.22‒5.40） were positively correlated with increased acceptance of condom publicity and distribution， and utilization of AIDS counseling and testing. Those who sought male sexual partners through offline route （aOR=3.44， 95%CI： 1.16‒10.21）， and had a history of sexually transmitted diseases within one year （aOR=5.47， 95%CI： 1.04‒28.76） were positively correlated with community-based methadone maintenance therapy， clean needle provision and exchange services， while COVID-19 epidemic （aOR=0.35， 95%CI： 0.14‒0.88） was negatively correlated with the utilization of these services. COVID-19 epidemic （aOR=2.11， 95%CI： 1.54‒2.89）， HIV knowledge awareness （aOR=2.09， 95%CI： 1.08‒4.02）， offline search for male sexual partners （aOR=1.47， 95%CI： 1.03‒2.11）， and awareness of HIV infection of sexual partners （aOR=2.09， 95%CI： 1.62‒2.69） were positively correlated with the increased use of peer education service， while married or cohabited （aOR=0.73， 95%CI： 0.55‒0.98） and VCT （aOR=0.61， 95%CI： 0.46‒0.82） were negatively correlated with utilization of peer education service. ConclusionHIV infection rate of sentinel MSM population in Taizhou decreases， while the utilization of HIV intervention services increases in general. Targeted measures should be developed according to the changes in sexual behavior and HIV intervention services among MSM populations in Taizhou to improve the HIV intervention services for the MSM population.
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ObjectiveWe examined the principal respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Taizhou， Zhejiang Province during 2020‒2021 to provide evidence for prevention， diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory tract infection. MethodsFrom September 2020 to August 2021， a total of 2 831 cases with acute respiratory tract infection were collected from two influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals in Taizhou， which had then received the examination of 22 respiratory pathogens by multiple fluorescence quantitative PCR. ResultsThe total positive rate of respiratory pathogens in 2 831 samples was 14.13%， among which enterovirus （7.77%） and respiratory syncytial virus （1.59%） were the principal pathogens. Except enterovirus， there was no significant difference in the positive rate of pathogens detected by gender（P>0.05）. Moreover， there was significant difference in pathogens by age （P<0.05）， with the highest positive rate in 0‒4 years（35.21%）. There was also significant difference in pathogens by seasons （P<0.05）， with the highest positive rate in summer（20.54%）. ConclusionThe positive rate of acute respiratory tract infection decreases significantly， compared with that before the COVID-19 epidemic. The differences in the positive rate differ significantly by age and seasons. Comprehensive consideration of diverse factors before diagnosis and the utilization of multiple fluorescent quantitative PCR can quickly and effectively determine the pathogens in the early stage of infection. Our findings may provide certain support for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory infections in the context of COVID-19 in Taizhou.
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Objective@#To investigate the distribution of mitochondrial haplogroups and their correlation with neurocognitive disorder (NCD) in HIV positive individuals.@*Methods@#Baseline data were from the prospective cohort study of comparative HIV and aging research in Taizhou of Zhejiang province from January to December, 2017. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 448 HIV positive individuals. Sanger method was used for the sequencing and genotyping of whole mitochondrial genome of HIV positive individuals. NCD prevalence in the HIV positive individuals was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) in questionnaire interviews. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between mtDNA haplogroups and NCD.@*Results@#In this sample, mitochondrial haplogroups D (19.6%, 88/448), B (19.4%, 87/448) and F(17.0%, 76/448) were the most predominant haplogroups. The overall prevalence rate of NCD was 20.3% (91/448), and was high in haplogroups A (23.1%, 9/39), D (21.6%, 19/88), F (26.3%, 20/76) and M7 groups (26.1%, 12/46), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting confounding factors, such as age and gender, compared with haplogroup A, there were no differences in the prevalence rate of NCD among HIV positive individuals with haplogroup B, D, F, M7, M8, N9, and others.@*Conclusion@#The study explored primarily correlation between mitochondrial haplogroups and NCD among HIV positive individuals and suggested that there is no significant association between mitochondrial haplogroups and NCD, but further longitudinal investigation with large sample size of HIV positive population is needed to confirm this finding.
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Objective@#To understand the characteristics of sleep disorder in HIV positive and negative individuals, and compare the distributions and epidemiologic characteristic of different subtypes of sleep disorder between two groups.@*Methods@#Baseline data were from the prospective cohort study of comparative HIV and aging research in Taizhou of Zhejiang province from January to December, 2017. A total of 459 HIV positive patients and 798 HIV negative controls with sleep disorders (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index >5 or at least one question with answers of "most nights" or "every night" for Jenkins Sleep Scale) were included in the analysis. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify the different subtypes of sleep disorder based on 15 sleep-related questions.@*Results@#A total of 1 257 participants were divided into three groups (clusters), i.e. difficulty falling asleep and sleep keeping group (cluster 1), the mild symptoms group (cluster 2), and restless night and daytime dysfunction group (cluster 3), accounting for 19.4% (89/459), 63.8% (293/459) and 16.8% (77/459) in HIV positive group and 13.8% (110/798), 60.5% (483/798) and 25.7% (205/798) in HIV negative group (χ2=16.62, P<0.001). In HIV positive group, the patients in cluster 1 and 3 were older and had higher frailty score, the patients in cluster 1 had highest level of depression, and the more patients in cluster 3 had low body weight or overweight (χ2=13.29, P=0.039; χ2=23.33, P<0.001; χ2=25.71, P<0.001; χ2=15.37, P=0.004). In HIV-negative group, similar findings were found for age, depressive symptoms and frailty score. In addition, the proportion of those who were illiteracy or with primary school education level was significantly high in cluster 1, and the proportion of abnormal waist-to-hip ratio was significantly higher in cluster 1 and 3 (χ2=30.59, P<0.001; χ2=11.61, P=0.003).@*Conclusions@#The proportion of every subtype of sleep disorder in HIV positive individuals were different to those in HIV negative individuals. Mental and physical health status were the main factors affecting the prevalence of sleep disorder. It is necessary to conduct targeted interventions to improve sleep quality.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence of alcohol use and related factors in HIV positive and HIV negative males.@*Methods@#Baseline data were from the prospective cohort study of comparative HIV and aging research in Taizhou of Zhejiang province from January to December, 2017. The information about alcohol use in the last month was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire interview. Participants were categorized into non-current drinkers, light/moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers according to the US National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) standard.@*Results@#A total of 1 367 HIV positive males and 2 418 HIV negative males were included. Current alcohol use rate (35.2%, 481/1 367) and heavy alcohol use rate (5.0%, 24/481) were significantly lower in HIV positive males than in HIV negative males (48.0%, 1 161/2 418; 23.5%, 273/1 161), but the proportion of drinking wine and yellow rice wine were significantly higher (21.8%, 105/481; 9.1%, 44/481) in HIV positive males than in HIV negative males (13.5%, 157/1 161; 5.8%, 67/1 161). The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis results showed that larger waist circumference, current smoking and regular physical exercise were associated with heavy alcohol use behavior in HIV positive males, and age ≥30 years, current smoking, regular physical exercise, higher score of depressive symptoms, heterosexual transmission route and baseline CD4+T cells counts of 200-499 cells/μl were significantly associated with mild/moderate alcohol use behavior in HIV positive males.@*Conclusions@#The alcohol use rate was significantly lower in HIV positive males than in HIV negative males in Taizhou. It is important to strengthen intervention on alcohol drinking behavior and chronic disease risk factors, such as larger waist circumference, smoking and so on.
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Objective@#To determine the first dengue fever case in Taizhou and trace probable transmission sources.@*Methods@#Collected serum of three patients for antigen, antibody and nucleic acid detection. Dengue viruses were isolated and cultured in C6/36 cell. The whole length of E gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and then sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was drawn.@*Results@#Three cases were positive in nucleic acid detection. Two cases were IgM positive. One case was NSI antigen postive. Three strains of type I dengue virus were isolated from samples. The phylogenetic trees shown that the three strains were on the same branch. The identities of nucleotide were 99.87%. The identities of amino acid were 99.6%-99.8%.@*Conclusions@#The dengue virus strains isolated in Taizhou was imported from Guangdong or Southeast Asia and caused location infection.
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The placental growth factor ( PlGF) is a kind of glycoprotein with four isoforms , which is predominantly expressed in the placenta . The PlGF plays an important role in the angiogenesis and development , as a biomarker of placenta angiogenesis , the decreasing of the PlGF expression may lead to the dysfunction of vascularization .Anti-angiogenesis is a pathological characteristic of pre-eclampsia.The PlGF levels both in the serum and urine are lower in preeclampsia than those in normal pregnancy .Due to the decreasing of PlGF during the first trimester , the PlGF is an important predictable marker of preeclampsia .It is also expected to be used in the treatment of preeclampsia .
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Objective To retrospectively evaluate interobserver variability between radiologists by using lexicon of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System ( TI-RADS ) to classify lesions on ultrasonography and retrospectively determine the positive predictive value ( PPV) of each TI-RADS level. Methods Five radiologists retrospectively reviewed 188 consecutive thyroid nodules with known pathologic diagnosis of 172 patients from June,2016 to November,2016. Each observer described each lesion with TI-RADS terminology and final TI-RADS level were assigned by adding the points from all categories. Cohen κ statistic was used to assessed the interobserver variability for each ultrasonographic ( US ) descriptors and final TI-RADS level. PPV for all TI-RADS levels were determined for all readers combined. Results For each US descriptor,composition,echogenicity,shape,margin,echogenic foci,their κ were 0.743 (0.713－0.772),0.418 (0.319－0.517),0.468 (0.389－0.547),0.397 (0.291－0.503) and 0.566 (0.514－0.617) respectively ( data in parentheses are 95% confidential intervals). The κ for TI-RADS level was 0.782 (0.749 －0.81). PPV for TI-RADS level 1 to 5 were 0(0/8),0(0/23),14.3% (4/28),29.7%(11/37) and 85.7% (78/91). Conclusions Interobserver agreement with the TI-RADS terminology is substantial for composition, moderate for echogenicity, shape and echogenic foci, fair for margin. Interobserver agreement is substantial for TI-RADS level. Consequently different understanding in US images has little influence in patient management,justifying the use of ACR-TIRADS in clinical practice.
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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of IL-6 induced by LPS in ovarian cancer and the effect of IL-6 on the expression of EZH2 mRNA and protein in ovarian cancer cell lines.MethodsCulture ovarian cancer cell lines, according to the different medium composition, establish the experimental group and the control group, detect the concentration of IL-6 in the supernatant of ovarian cancer cells by ELISA and the OD values of each group by MTT assay.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of EZH2 protein in ovarian cancer cells.The mRNA expression of EZH2 was detected by RT-PCR.ResultsThe expression of IL-6 in the supernatant of ovarian cancer cells was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).The proliferation of ovarian cancer cells was inhibited and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The expression of EZH2 protein in ovarian cancer cells was significantly decreased, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05).The mRNA expression of EZH2 was significantly decreased, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05).ConclusionLPS could induce the expression of IL-6 and inhibit cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells.IL-6 could inhibit the expression of EZH2.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of group sex in men who have sex with men (MSM) and related factors in Taizhou,Zhejiang province.Methods From March 2013 to September 2015,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM recruited from gay bars or bath houses in Taizhou by using questionnaire to collect the information about their sexual behavior and HIV test.Results A total of 1 435 MSM were recruited,179 of them (12.5％) were HIV infected,231 (16.1％) reported group sex during the past year.Compared with MSM without group sex,more MSM with group sex had more than ten male sexual partners (53.7％ vs.19.0％,x2=125.527,P＜ 0.01),had both male and female sexual partners (86.6％ vs.68.2％,x2=31.935,P＜0.01),used no condom at sex with female partners during the past year (28.1％ vs.19.8％,x2=6.540,P＜0.05).After adjusted for educational level and occupation,group sex was associated with age [≥ 50 years old vs.≤ 24 years old,adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.25,P=0.027],marriage with female (divorced or widowed vs.unmarried,aOR=0.29,P=0.001),census registering (local resident vs.non-local resident,aOR=1.56,P=0.023),number of male seuxal partners (≥21 vs.2-5,aOR=8.06,P＜0.001;11-20 vs.2-5,aOR=3.25,P＜0.001) and number of female seuxal partners (≥6 vs.0,aOR=2.63,P=0.005;2-5 vs.0,aOR=2.58,P=0.001;1 vs.0,aOR=2.01,P=0.010).Conclusion The prcvalcncc of group sex in MSM was high in Taizhou,and their poor condom use and complex sex behaviors would result in higher HIV infection rate and risk of transmission.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of group sex in men who have sex with men (MSM) and related factors in Taizhou,Zhejiang province.Methods From March 2013 to September 2015,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM recruited from gay bars or bath houses in Taizhou by using questionnaire to collect the information about their sexual behavior and HIV test.Results A total of 1 435 MSM were recruited,179 of them (12.5％) were HIV infected,231 (16.1％) reported group sex during the past year.Compared with MSM without group sex,more MSM with group sex had more than ten male sexual partners (53.7％ vs.19.0％,x2=125.527,P＜ 0.01),had both male and female sexual partners (86.6％ vs.68.2％,x2=31.935,P＜0.01),used no condom at sex with female partners during the past year (28.1％ vs.19.8％,x2=6.540,P＜0.05).After adjusted for educational level and occupation,group sex was associated with age [≥ 50 years old vs.≤ 24 years old,adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.25,P=0.027],marriage with female (divorced or widowed vs.unmarried,aOR=0.29,P=0.001),census registering (local resident vs.non-local resident,aOR=1.56,P=0.023),number of male seuxal partners (≥21 vs.2-5,aOR=8.06,P＜0.001;11-20 vs.2-5,aOR=3.25,P＜0.001) and number of female seuxal partners (≥6 vs.0,aOR=2.63,P=0.005;2-5 vs.0,aOR=2.58,P=0.001;1 vs.0,aOR=2.01,P=0.010).Conclusion The prcvalcncc of group sex in MSM was high in Taizhou,and their poor condom use and complex sex behaviors would result in higher HIV infection rate and risk of transmission.
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[Summary] To evaluate the relationships between plasma GPC4 levels and HbA1C . Plasma GPC4 levels were measured in subjects with different glucose tolerances. The relationship between plasma GPC4 levels and HbA1C were studied. Increasing levels of GPC4 showed a significant linear trend and were independently associated with HbA1C . GPC4 levels gradually declined after gradually increased , which is similar with Fins, 2hIns, and AUCinsulin . GPC4 may be involved in the regulation of blood glucose and GPC4 may be regulated by insulin.
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A quantitative method for clopidogrel using online-SPE tandem LC-MS/MS was developed and fully validated according to the well-established FDA guidelines. The method achieves adequate sensitivity for pharmacokinetic studies, with lower limit of quantifications (LLOQs) as low as 10 pg/mL. Chromatographic separations were performed on reversed phase columns Kromasil Eternity-2.5-C18-UHPLC for both methods. Positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed for signal detection and a deuterated analogue (clopidogrel-d 4) was used as internal standard (IS). Adjustments in sample preparation, including introduction of an online-SPE system proved to be the most effective method to solve the analyte back-conversion in clinical samples. Pooled clinical samples (two levels) were prepared and successfully used as real-sample quality control (QC) in the validation of back-conversion testing under different conditions. The result showed that the real samples were stable in room temperature for 24 h. Linearity, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect on spiked QC samples and stability tests on both spiked QCs and real sample QCs stored in different conditions met the acceptance criteria. This online-SPE method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 75 mg single dose clopidogrel tablets in 48 healthy male subjects.
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Objective To examine the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection as well as plasma HCV viral load among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults during 2009-2012 in Taizhou prefecture of Zhejiang province,China.Methods Five hundred and seventy-two adults who were newly diagnosed as HIV-infection were screened for anti-HCV immunoglobulin G (IgG).Plasma HCV RNA was quantified if positive for HCV IgG.Results Forty-two (7.3％) out of the 572 HIV-infected adults were tested positive for HCV IgG.HCV infection was more likely to occur among participants who were infected with HIV through blood transmission (OR=49.46,95％CI:13.71-178.48).Otherwise,HCV infection was less likely to occur among participants who were under 46-86 years of age (OR=0.12,95％CI:0.02-0.58),those with mode of homosexual transmission of HIV (OR=0.11,95％ C I:0.01-0.86),with education of high school or above (OR=0.13,95％ CI:0.02-0.78).Thirty-three (78.6％) of the total 42 HIV-HCV patients with coinfection had detectable plasma HCV RNA,whereas 9 (21.4％) had undetectable plasma HCV RNA (i.e.,lower than 5.0 × 102 IU/ml) or known as relative HCV viral suppression.No significant associations were noticed on factors as:HCV viral suppression and demographics,HIV transmission route and CD4 + T-cell counts according to univariate regression analyses.Conclusion Prevalence of HCV co-infection was relatively high among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in this study area.Majority of the HIV-HCV coinfected patients had detectable plasma HCV RNA,of which the long term impact on disease progression deserves called for further research.
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Objective To investigate the risky sexual behaviors,associated factors and characteristics of sexual network among clients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) at the clinics in Taizhou prefecture of Zhejiang province.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted.Data was collected through questionnaire and from the national unified MMT system.Urine was collected to test heroin,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine.Blood was collected to test infections on HIV,hepatitis C vims(HCV) and syphilis.Results Totally,362 clients were recruited.Most of the clients were male (88.7％),31--40 year-olds (54.5％),married (61.6％) and having received junior high school education (56.6％).85.1％ of them received urine test with 82(26.6％) positive for heroin,21 (6.8％) positive for methamphetamine,19 (6.2％) positive for MDMA and none for ketamine.77.1％ of them received blood test,and prevalence rates for HIV,HCV and syphilis were 1.1％,36.7％ and 3.6％.19.5％ of the clients who had sex in the past 6 months.Factors as having multiple sexual partners and positive for club drugs were under higher risk.Sexual networking seemed to be loose,linear and acyclic among this population but overlapping with the drug-using network.Conclusion Effective and targeted interventions should be taken among the MMT clients since continuing drug use and HIV/STD related sexual behavior were found common in them,suggesting there was a risk of HIV/STD transmission in this ppulation.
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Objective:To study the role of Jagged1 and Notch signaling pathway played in the differentiation and proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells.Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were divided into three groups to culture:The control group:RAW 264.7 cells were threated with culture and RANKL.The Jagged1 group:RAW 264.7 cells were threated with recombinant protein Jagged 1 besides the control group.The DAPT group:RAW 264.7 cells were threated with DAPT besides the Jagged 1 group.The mRNA expression of osteoclast markers(TRAP,CK,CTR) and Notch key target genes (HES-1 and HEY-1) were measured by real-time PCR.The formation of osteoclast , bone resorption , Notch expression and proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells were detected by TRAP staining , scanning electron microscope ,immunofluorescence and cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8 ).Results: TRAP, CK, CTR , HES-1 and HEY-1 mRNA expression were significantly higher than the control group and DAPT group in Jadded 1 group ( P<0.05 ).TRAP+cell count ,osteolytic area was significantly increased in Jagged 1 group compared with control and DAPT group , and no significant difference observed between the last two groups.Immunofluorescence results showed high expression of N ICD in cell membrane and cytoplasm in all groups and additionally expressed in nucleus in Jadded 1 group.Cell proliferation was inhibited in Jagged 1 group also ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion:Jagged1 promotes RAW264.7 cells osteoclast differentiation and inhibits proliferation by activating Notch signaling pathway .
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Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25 (OH)D level and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Totally 113 AD impatients were enrolled in this study.Their serum 25 (OH) D2,25 (OH) D3,and total 25 (OH) D levels were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Patients were divided into Vitamin D severe deficiency group [25 (OH)D level≤25 nmol/L],deficiency group [25 (OH)D levels:25-50 nmol/L],insufficiency group [25 (OH) D level:50-75 nmol/L],and sufficiency group [25 (OH) D level ≥ 75 nmol/L] according to the criteria proposed by US Institute of Medicine.The cognitive function was assessed by MMSE score.The association between serum 25 (OH) D level and cognitive function was systematically analyzed.Results The serum levels of 25 (OH) D,25 (OH) D2,and 25 (OH) D3 were (27.08 ± 15.33) nmol/L,(1.23 ± 0.93) nmol/L and (24.50 ± 13.04) nmol/L in AD patients.The proportions of severe deficiency,deficiency,insufficiency,and sufficiency were 60.18％ (68/113),30.97％ (35/113),7.97％ (9/113),and 0.88％ (1/113),respectively,among these AD patients.A positive correlation was found between serum 25 (OH) D concentration and MMSE score in AD patients.Conclusions Impatients with AD often have severe vitamin D deficiency and need vitamin D supplementation.Serum 25 (OH) D concentration is associated with cognitive function,and therefore vitamin D supplementation may improve cognitive function.
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Although the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has made considerable progress in recent years,its mortality and disability have not been effectively controlled.Ischemic brain injury after SAH is considered to be an important reason for the poor prognosis of patients; however,its mechanism is still not fully understood.Studies have shown that the cerebral microcirculation disturbance after SAH is closely associated with ischemic brain injury.This article reviews the advances in research on cerebral microcirculation disturbance and ischemic brain injury after SAH.
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Objective To investigate the resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical with reduced susceptibility to imipenem or meropenem.Methods 18 strains of Enterobacteriaceae with reduced carbapenem susceptibility were collected during January to August in 2010.The MICs of these strains were determined using automated microbial identification system.ESBLs,AmpC and KPC were tested using the agar dilution method.PCR amplification and DNA sequence were performed to analyze the KPC genes,PFGE was used to examine the molecular epidemiology.Results All 18 strains were detected ESBLs and AmpC,14 strains were detected KPC-2.3 strains with EDTA paper method positive may produce other metal carbapenem,in which 2 strains harbor KPC-2.PFGE types indicate that there were six genotypes among 15 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusion Plasmid-mediated KPC-2 was the main reason which makes Enterobacteriaceae reducing carbapenem susceptibility and causes short-term epidemic in hospital.Clinical strains harboring KPC-2 gene may carry multiple resistance genes meanwhile.